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The U.S. Navy's Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier Enterprise suffered a collision off its right beam during the maintenance period, resulting in significant structural damage to the right wingfairings.

The U.S. Navy conducted recovery operations to locate and retrieve an EA-18G "Phantom" electronic戰(zhàn) aircraft that had sunk in the Santa Rosa Port during Operation Enduring Freedom.

According to recent U.S. military reports, since the beginning of the year, numerous accidents involving both naval and air forces units have occurred. These incidents are characterized by complex causes and severe consequences, highlighting significant deficiencies in the management and readiness capabilities of the U.S. military.

A string of incidents have unfolded at the beginning of the year.

In January, the U.S. Air Force's F-35A stealth fighter program encountered its first operational accident. On January 28, during training at the E-2A Rook's station in Esrange, Alaska, an F-35A fighter crashed during its training mission, sustaining severe structural damage.

On January 29, a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter operated by the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, U.S. Army, crashed during nighttime training near the Ragon機(jī)場(chǎng), resulting in the loss of all crew members. The incident involved a U.S. company-owned and operated C-130J700 passenger jet.

On February 6, a U.S. Department of Defense leased C-130奇150 small aircraft, which later crashed en route to the Philippines' Matintan island. All four crew members on board were U.S. military personnel, including three defense contractors and a Navy electronics expert. The aircraft had originally been scheduled to execute a secret mission in the棉蘭老島.

On February 12, an EA-18G "Phantom" electronic戰(zhàn) aircraft went down in the waters near the California coast, approximately 110 miles southwest of Santa Rosa Port. Shortly after, the U.S. Navy Enterprise, carrying the "Gerald R. Ford" class carrier, collided with a merchant vessel named "Beysektas-M" off the eastern Mediterranean near the island of Ayia Napa. The ship's superstructure suffered significant damage, prompting the carrier to proceed to the island of Crete for repairs. Despite the extent of the damage, no injuries or radiation releases were reported.

While the U.S. military has been investigating these accidents and managing public relations, further disclosures have revealed additional safety issues and potential problems. For instance, the "Stock戴爾"號(hào) destroyer, originally scheduled to join the carrier strike group, was forced to dock in Japan's Hishin port due to system and component failures. Additionally, the U.S.國(guó)務(wù)卿's specially equipped Air Force plane experienced an in-flight malfunction, leading to its return to base. These incidents have raised questions about the readiness and maintenance standards of U.S. military aircraft. Furthermore, a MV-22魚鷹 tilt-rotor helicopter crash in the Philippines earlier that month has added to the public's growing concerns about this platform. Meanwhile, the U.S. Air Force has decided to delay the deployment of the "Siren" land-based洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈 system due to financial constraints and insufficient technical support. Additionally, it was reported that all members of the U.S. Navy's洛杉磯-class攻擊型核潛艇 unit stationed in Okinawa are exceeding their scheduled maintenance periods, leading to the unit being placed on hold.

The incidents have brought to light a series of underlying problems.

作為美軍最新一代平臺(tái)的代表，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的墜機(jī)事故引發(fā)了外界對(duì)其性能存疑。美國(guó)空軍內(nèi)部官員透露，該型戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)存在超過(guò)100項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)缺陷，而政府和軍工企業(yè)仍在"一邊發(fā)現(xiàn)新問(wèn)題，一邊繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)"。此次事故顯示，之前的停飛和整改措施未能徹底解決問(wèn)題。

直升機(jī)與客機(jī)相撞的事故凸顯了美軍管理和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的漏洞。特朗普和美國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)海格塞斯均表示，責(zé)任主要在軍方，并指出UH-60直升機(jī)在飛行過(guò)程中超限，且飛行員在塔臺(tái)提醒后仍未遵守200英尺（約60米）的飛行限高要求。美國(guó)政府效率部負(fù)責(zé)人稱，經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，里根機(jī)場(chǎng)的空中交通管制系統(tǒng)和航空管理局的安全通知系統(tǒng)技術(shù)落后，尤其是后者曾出現(xiàn)幾小時(shí)故障，"極易引發(fā)更大災(zāi)難"。

EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)墜海、艦艇故障及裝備超齡等問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步暴露了美軍裝備老化的現(xiàn)實(shí)。有美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)飛行員抱怨稱，EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)的服役時(shí)間已超過(guò)30年。在美軍現(xiàn)役裝備中，70%的海軍艦艇和40%的戰(zhàn)機(jī)已超過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)壽命的50%，相關(guān)維護(hù)嚴(yán)重滯后。同時(shí)，"杜魯門"號(hào)航母的航海長(zhǎng)誤將商船的桅桿燈識(shí)別為港口系泊浮筒指示燈，以及航母作戰(zhàn)信息中心的雷達(dá)操作員在工作中觀看NBA比賽等情況，反映出美軍人員的職業(yè)素養(yǎng)和專業(yè)技術(shù)水平下降。

美軍高強(qiáng)度軍事行動(dòng)導(dǎo)致裝備和人員長(zhǎng)時(shí)間超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，也是事故頻發(fā)的重要原因。以"杜魯門"號(hào)航母為例，在發(fā)生撞船事故前，該航母已在紅海連續(xù)部署8個(gè)月，艦載機(jī)起降頻次超過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的30%。此前在紅海執(zhí)行部署任務(wù)的"艾森豪威爾"號(hào)和"羅斯福"號(hào)航母也面臨類似情況。在印太地區(qū)部署的MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)，為滿足美軍印太戰(zhàn)略需求，年均飛行小時(shí)數(shù)比本土同型號(hào)運(yùn)輸機(jī)高出40%，被美國(guó)媒體形容為"陷入嚴(yán)重透支狀態(tài)"。外媒評(píng)論認(rèn)為，美軍多個(gè)軍兵種接連發(fā)生安全事故，與其兵力分散、長(zhǎng)期處于高強(qiáng)度戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)有關(guān)。從當(dāng)前調(diào)查結(jié)果看，這一系列事件更暴露出美軍在管理、建設(shè)和戰(zhàn)備方面的深層問(wèn)題。

負(fù)面影響持續(xù)擴(kuò)散

目前，美國(guó)政府和國(guó)防部已針對(duì)軍機(jī)艦船事故采取集中應(yīng)對(duì)措施，但負(fù)面影響仍在持續(xù)擴(kuò)散。

美國(guó)部分媒體和民眾對(duì)軍方表達(dá)了強(qiáng)烈不滿。他們認(rèn)為，在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟的形勢(shì)下，美國(guó)軍費(fèi)仍維持高增幅，安全事故頻發(fā)"削弱了民眾對(duì)軍隊(duì)的信任"。隨著調(diào)查深入及美國(guó)兩黨在軍費(fèi)開支上的分歧加劇，特朗普政府的軍事政策可能受到制約。

美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)軍工企業(yè)也面臨較大壓力。2024年波音公司的危機(jī)尚未平息，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)的安全事故可能加劇國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)洛克希德·馬丁等美國(guó)軍火公司的不信任。尤其是F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)作為主力外銷產(chǎn)品，安全性能不穩(wěn)定可能對(duì)其在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的聲譽(yù)造成負(fù)面影響。

相關(guān)事故還引發(fā)美軍駐海外國(guó)家民眾的擔(dān)憂。韓國(guó)、日本、菲律賓等國(guó)民眾舉行集會(huì)，要求本國(guó)政府審查美國(guó)駐軍的安全問(wèn)題。部分國(guó)家的媒體呼吁政府重新評(píng)估F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)等軍機(jī)的采購(gòu)合同。有美軍人士擔(dān)憂，這些情況可能影響美國(guó)與盟國(guó)關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定性。（劉澄）

（中國(guó)國(guó)防報(bào)）